Molecular chaperones play a key role in cell physiology, proliferation, activation and tumorigenesis. One of the major chaperones, heat shock protein 70 kD (Hsp70) is a typical Janus-like protein whose activation in cells affected by mutant or misfolded protein causes correction of the latter and can rescue neural cells from the deleterious effects of growing protein aggregates. Therefore the enhanced expression of Hsp70 in neural cells would be beneficial in therapy of brain disorders as well as of aging. This enhancement is achieved by the application of certain drugs inducing Hsp70 expression and some of these are at the stage of lab bench trials. To estimate the efficacy of anti-degenerative substances the special methods of photonics may be designed able to define protein aggregate growth dynamics possibly in single cells. Oncological pathologies is an extremely wide class of sicknesses differing in their origin, history, therapeutic strategy etc. In sick cells Hsp70 plays the protective role, and this counteracts the majority of anti-cancer factors used to selectively or indiscriminately kill tumor cells. Thus it is clear that Hsp70 expression or chaperonic function should be reduced by certain drugs firmly binding the protein. Since the protective function of Hsp70 is based on its interactions with the other cell proteins the tools are necessary to study such interactions. It is also important to generate assays with which one would be able to analyze binding of potential drug molecule to Hsp70. Hopefully, both classes of assays may be generated with the aid of biophotonic techniques.