The presentation highlights recent advances in polyelectrolyte multilayers with particular attention in areas of polyelectrolyte multilayer structures on patterned surfaces, fabrication of microchambers with responsive properties, controlled in-situ synthesis of carbon nanoparticles and in vivo application of multilayer capsules. Polyelectrolyte multilayers can be deposition onto widely used PDMS stamps forming so called microchamber structures enabled to accommodate various biologically active molecules. Entrapment of water soluble molecules into sealed chambers is performed by depositing hydrophobic layer as polylactic acid on the top of multilayers and water soluble molecule make precipitate inside wells upon drying. Sealing results on formation of microsized air-bubble what can keep water soluble molecules inside the chamber until it released. In case of carbon source in polyelectrolyte multilayer such as dextran the hydrothermal synthesis results on formation of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles which can make the films conductive, fluorescent and responsive to light and ultrasound. Polyelectrolyte capsules can be responsive to remote physical signalling including magnetic field, light and ultrasound and in perspective also radiowaves. The perspectives of biomedical application of remote activation and microchambers and capsule delivery and microchamber activation are discussed.

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